The
Yorke Peninsula was named by Matthew Flinders in honour
of Charles Yorke, later to become Lord Hardwicke, who was
a U. K. member of parliament and First Lord Of The Admiralty
between 1810 and 1812.
Copper
was discovered in 1859 at Wallaroo. The Wallaroo Mine was
established and the town of Kadina grew nearby. Two years
later the Moonta Mine was opened and several smaller mines
followed.
Wallaroo
was connected to Kadina and Moonta by horse-drawn tramways
and became the major port in Spencer Gulf until Port Pirie
was established in the 1890s.
In
1875 Moonta, with a population of 12,000, was the largest
town in South Australia after Adelaide.
However,
unsanitary conditions led to many deaths from typhoid fever,
tuberculosis and other diseases. Children were particularly
vulnerable. Although rainwater was stored in underground
tanks, water was in short supply until 1890 when it was
piped from the newly-built Beetaloo Reservoir near Crystal
Brook.
The mining towns of Kadina and Moonta and the port of Wallaroo
became known as the Copper Triangle or "Australia’s
Little Cornwall". The name Moonta is derived from an
aboriginal name for "impenetrable scrub" and the
district’s mallee trees were used for firewood and
timber for the mines.
Yorketown,
the main town of the southern Yorke Peninsula, was first
settled in 1872 when blocks of land were sold.
Port
Broughton gets its name from the Broughton River which was
named in 1839 by explorer Edward Eyre after William Grant
Broughton, the first Anglican Archbishop of Australia. The
town was surveyed in October 1871 and 60 allotments were
offered for sale in March 1872.
Today
Port Broughton is one of the popular summer holiday haunts
on the shores of the Spencer Gulf which thrives on a mixture
of fishing and tourism.
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